Medicago sativa, commonly known as alfalfa, is a perennial herbaceous legume widely cultivated as a forage crop. It features erect to ascending stems arising from a woody base, typically growing between 30 and 120 cm in length. The plant has a deep taproot that allows it to access groundwater effectively.
The leaves are trifoliolate with narrow, oblong to ovate or obovate leaflets measuring 8–28 mm by 3–15 mm. Leaflets have dentate edges near the apex and a glabrous upper surface with slight pubescence below. Stipules are triangular, 5–15 mm long, and mostly pubescent on the underside.
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